Клеточный иммунитет: взрослые и дети
Feb. 1st, 2022 11:40 pmВ работе исследуются популяции Т-лимфоцитов у взрослых и детей, при схожей тяжести болезни (легкий и умеренный ковид). Авторы приходят к выводу, что у всрослых ответ более серьезный, "зрелый", общий, потому и симптоматика выглядит потяжелее, да и Т клетки "выдыхаются" быстрее. Дети же, болеют легче, выздоравливают быстрее, однако, у них не особо формируется Т-клеточная память на коронавирус, потому они более уязвимы перед реинфекцией.
Children infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) develop less severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) than adults. The mechanisms for the age-specific differences and the implications for infection-induced immunity are beginning to be uncovered. We show by longitudinal multimodal analysis that SARS-CoV-2 leaves a small footprint in the circulating T cell compartment in children with mild/asymptomatic COVID-19 compared to adult household contacts with the same disease severity who had more evidence of systemic T cell interferon activation, cytotoxicity and exhaustion. Children harbored diverse polyclonal SARS-CoV-2-specific naive T cells whereas adults harbored clonally expanded SARS-CoV-2-specific memory T cells. More naive interferon-activated CD4+ T cells were recruited into the memory compartment and recovery was associated with the development of robust CD4+ memory T cell responses in adults but not children. These data suggest that rapid clearance of SARS-CoV-2 in children may compromise their cellular immunity and ability to resist reinfection.
Children infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) develop less severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) than adults. The mechanisms for the age-specific differences and the implications for infection-induced immunity are beginning to be uncovered. We show by longitudinal multimodal analysis that SARS-CoV-2 leaves a small footprint in the circulating T cell compartment in children with mild/asymptomatic COVID-19 compared to adult household contacts with the same disease severity who had more evidence of systemic T cell interferon activation, cytotoxicity and exhaustion. Children harbored diverse polyclonal SARS-CoV-2-specific naive T cells whereas adults harbored clonally expanded SARS-CoV-2-specific memory T cells. More naive interferon-activated CD4+ T cells were recruited into the memory compartment and recovery was associated with the development of robust CD4+ memory T cell responses in adults but not children. These data suggest that rapid clearance of SARS-CoV-2 in children may compromise their cellular immunity and ability to resist reinfection.